Binary operators

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Use
Binary operators
Binary AND, OR and exclusive OR
Binary NOT
Shift operators
Syntaxes
Notes
Operator for direct access to the bits
Access to a bit
Access to an integer on 1, 2 or 4 bytes
Access to the value of several bits

WINDEV

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See also

Binary operators

Use

The operations on binary values are performed:

by the WLanguage functions: BinaryAND, BinaryOR, BinaryNOT, BinaryXOR.
by specific operators: binary operators, operators for right or left offset, operator for accessing the bits.

Versions 17 and later

This feature is available for iPhone/iPad applications.

New in version 17

This feature is available for iPhone/iPad applications.

Versions 18 and later

This feature is available in Android Widget mode.

New in version 18

This feature is available in Android Widget mode.

Versions 21 and later

This feature is available in Universal Windows 10 App mode.

This feature is available in Apple Watch mode.

New in version 21

This feature is available in Universal Windows 10 App mode.

This feature is available in Apple Watch mode.

This feature is available in Universal Windows 10 App mode.

This feature is available in Apple Watch mode.

Binary operators

Binary AND, OR and exclusive OR

The following syntaxes can be used:

Binary AND: <Value 1> & <Value 2>
Binary OR: <Value 1> | <Value 2>
Binary exclusive OR: <Value 1> || <Value 2>

The type of result depends on the type of the operands:


Value 2 Value 1	Integer on 4	Integer on 8	Other
Integer on 4	Integer on 4	Integer on 8	Integer on 4
Integer on 8	Integer on 8	Integer on 8	Integer on 8
Other	Integer on 4	Integer on 8	Integer on 8

Binary NOT

The syntax is as follows: ~ <Value>

The type of result depends on the operand type:


Operand	Result
Integer on 4	Integer on 4
Integer on 8	Integer on 8
Other	Integer on 8

Shift operators

Syntaxes

Offset to left:

<Value 1> bitLeftShift <Value 2>>
bitLeftShift(<Value 1>, <Value 2>)
Offset to right:

<Value 1> bitRightShift <Value 2>>
bitRightShift(<Value 1>, <Value 2>)

Notes

The bits of <Value 1> are shifted from <Value 2> bits to the right or to the left.
For example:

bitLeftShift(4,1) // Returns 8

Indeed, 4 in decimal corresponds to 0100 in binary. Shifted from 1 bit to the left, we get 1000 in binary that corresponds to 8 in decimal.

bitRightShift(4,2) // Returns 1

Indeed, 4 in decimal corresponds to 0100 in binary. Shifted from 2 bits to the right, we get 0001 in binary that corresponds to 1 in decimal.
The bits that exceed the size of <Value 1> are ignored. For example:

bitLeftShift(4,30) // Returns 0
bitRightShift(4,4) // Returns 0
If <Value 2> is greater than the size of <Value 1> (32 for a 4-byte integer and 64 for a 8-byte integer), the result is always equal to 0. For example:

bitLeftShift(4,35) // Returns 0
The type of result depends on the type of the operand:
Operand Value 1 Result
Integer on 4 Integer on 4
Integer on 8 Integer on 8
Other Integer on 8

The operator for left binary shift will reinject from the right the bits that exceed the operand size. The operator for right binary shift will reinject from the left the bits that exceed the operand size. For example:

e is 4-byte unsigned int
nRes is 4-byte unsigned int
e = 1
res = e bitLeftShift 32 // Returns 0 in WINDEV and 1 in Java

Operator for direct access to the bits

Access to a bit

Syntax: <Value 1> [ <n> ]

This syntax is used to read or modify the value of <N> bit in the <Value 1> value.

Counting bits starts from 1 from left to right (from the lowest byte to the highest byte):

1 to 32 for an integer on 4 bytes,
1 to 64 for an integer on 8 bytes.

If the value of <n> is incorrect, the operation returns 0.

Examples:

// Positions the fifth and seventh bits to 1
n is int
n[5] = 1
n[7] = True
// Checks the value of bits 4, 5, 6 and 7
IF n[4] THEN Trace(4) // not displayed
IF n[5] THEN Trace(5) // displays 5
IF n[6] THEN Trace(6) // not displayed
IF n[7] THEN Trace(7) // displays 7

// Assign a value by modifying the bits
n is int = 0
// Switch on bit #1: n worth 1 in decimal
n[1] = 1
// Switch on bit #8 as well: n worth 129 in decimal (2 power 0 + 2 power 7)
n[8] = 1

Access to an integer on 1, 2 or 4 bytes

Syntaxes:

<Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_1 ]
<Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_2 ]
<Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_4 ]

These syntaxes are used to read or modify the value of integer on 1, 2 or 4 bytes in the <Value 1> value.

Possible values for <n> according to the type of <Value 1>:


Value 1	wlInt_1	wlInt_2	wlInt_4
Integer on 4	1 to 4	1 to 2	1
Integer on 8	1 to 8	1 to 4	1 to 2

If the value of <n> is incorrect, the operation returns 0.

Access to the value of several bits

Syntaxes:

<Value 1> [ A <n> ]
<Value 1> [ <n> A ]
<Valeur 1> [ <n> A <o> ]
<Value 1> [ <n> ON <Number> ]

These syntaxes are used to read or modify the value corresponding to the specified bits.