- Use
- Binary operators
- Binary AND, OR and exclusive OR
- Binary NOT
- Shift operators
- Syntaxes
- Notes
- Operator for direct access to the bits
- Access to a bit
- Access to a 1, 2 or 4-byte integer
- Access to the value of several bits
The operations on binary values are performed: - with the WLanguage functions: BinaryAND, BinaryOR, BinaryNOT, BinaryXOR.
- with specific operators: binary operators, operators for right or left offset, operator for accessing the bits.
Binary AND, OR and exclusive OR The following syntaxes can be used: - Binary AND: <Value 1> & <Value 2>
- Binary OR: <Value 1> | <Value 2>
- Binary exclusive OR: <Value 1> || <Value 2>
The type of result depends on the type of the operands: | | | | Value 2
Value 1 | 4-byte integer | 8-byte integer | Other | | 4-byte integer | 4-byte integer | 8-byte integer | 4-byte integer | | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer | | Other | 4-byte integer | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer |
Binary NOT The syntax is as follows: ~ <Value> The type of result depends on the operand type: | | | Operand | Result | | 4-byte integer | 4-byte integer | | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer | | Other | 8-byte integer |
Syntaxes - Offset to left:
<Value 1> bitLeftShift <Value 2>>
bitLeftShift(<Value 1>, <Value 2>)
- Offset to right:
<Value 1> bitRightShift <Value 2>>
bitRightShift(<Value 1>, <Value 2>)
Notes - The bits of <Value 1> are shifted from <Value 2> bits to the right or to the left.
For example:
bitLeftShift(4,1) // Returns 8
Indeed, 4 in decimal corresponds to 0100 in binary. Shifted from 1 bit to the left, we get 1000 in binary that corresponds to 8 in decimal.
bitRightShift(4,2) // Returns 1
Indeed, 4 in decimal corresponds to 0100 in binary. Shifted from 2 bits to the right, we get 0001 in binary that corresponds to 1 in decimal. - The bits that exceed the size of <Value 1> are ignored. For example:
bitLeftShift(4,30) // Returns 0
bitRightShift(4,4) // Returns 0
- If <Value 2> is greater than the size of <Value 1> (32 for a 4-byte integer and 64 for an 8-byte integer), the result is always 0. For example:
bitLeftShift(4,35) // Returns 0
- The type of result depends on the type of the operand:
| | | Operand Value 1 | Result | | 4-byte integer | 4-byte integer | | 8-byte integer | 8-byte integer | | Other | 8-byte integer |
 The operator for left binary shift will reinject from the right the bits that exceed the operand size. The operator for right binary shift will reinject from the left the bits that exceed the operand size. For example:
e is 4-byte unsigned int
res is 4-byte unsigned int
e = 1
res = e bitLeftShift 32 // Returns 0 in WINDEV and 1 in Java
Operator for direct access to the bits Access to a bit Syntax: <Value 1> [ <n> ] This syntax is used to read or modify the value of <N> bit in the <Value 1> value. Counting bits starts from 1 from left to right (from the lowest byte to the highest byte): - 1 to 32 for a 4-byte integer,
- 1 to 64 for an 8-byte integer.
If the value of <n> is incorrect, the operation returns 0. Examples:
// Positions the fifth and seventh bits to 1
n is int
n[5] = 1
n[7] = True
// Checks the value of bits 4, 5, 6 and 7
IF n[4] THEN Trace(4) // not displayed
IF n[5] THEN Trace(5) // displays 5
IF n[6] THEN Trace(6) // not displayed
IF n[7] THEN Trace(7) // displays 7
// Assign a value by modifying the bits
n is int = 0
// Switch on bit #1: n worth 1 in decimal
n[1] = 1
// Switch on bit #8 as well: n worth 129 in decimal (2 power 0 + 2 power 7)
n[8] = 1
 New in version 28Access to a 1, 2 or 4-byte integer Syntaxes: - <Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_1 ]
- <Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_2 ]
- <Value 1> [ <n>, wlInt_4 ]
These syntaxes are used to read or modify the value of the 1, 2 or 4-byte integer in the <Value 1> value. Possible values for <n> according to the type of <Value 1>: | | | | | Value 1 | wlInt_1 | wlInt_2 | wlInt_4 | | 4-byte integer | 1 to 4 | 1 to 2 | 1 | | 8-byte integer | 1 to 8 | 1 to 4 | 1 to 2 |
If the value of <n> is incorrect, the operation returns 0. New in version 28 Access to the value of several bits Syntaxes: - <Value 1> [ TO <n> ]
- <Value 1> [ <n> TO ]
- <Value 1> [ <n> TO <o> ]
- <Value 1> [ <n> ON <Number> ]
These syntaxes are used to read or modify the value corresponding to the specified bits. New in version 28
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